The Fall Of The Roman Empire Essays (1299 words) - First Triumvirate

The Fall Of The Roman Empire For men who had effortlessly suffered difficulty, risk and troublesome vulnerability, relaxation and wealth, however here and there alluring, demonstrated oppressive and a wellspring of misery. The reasons for the breakdown of the early Roman Republic can't be ascribed to a solitary occasion, pattern or individual, rather it was because of a mix of every one of the three in changing degrees. The head and basic reason was the breakdown of the political balanced governance, especially the Cursus Honorum from 133 BC onwards. This disruption happened both coincidentally and through the incendiary conduct of people, unwittingly and intentionally sabotaging the texture of the republic as they continued looking for force and magnificence. One generous result of this crippling was the development of savagery as a political methods. When this had happened the finish of the old republic was proclaimed a totalitarian tyranny was conceived. The republic was resulting from a fallen government and was explicitly equipped to forestall a centralization of intensity. The systems to this end were contained in the Cursus Honorum, a record that delineated the stepping stool of workplaces. It requested, in addition to other things, 10 years of military or lawful assistance before any magistracy could be held, yearly political race and two years between successive workplaces. This framework was intended to guarantee that no individual could turn out to be excessively amazing by isolating purview between a few gatherings an d taking into account veto. The Gracchi siblings, Tiberius and Gaius are frequently accused for causing divisions and threatening the privileged and especially the senate by presenting laws and enactment that, despite the fact that advancing populism for poor people, were impetuses to later penetrates of the Cursus Honorum. Both Tiberius and Gaius had laws instituted without speaking with the senate. This debilitated the senate's capacity and begun a pattern of overlooking the senate that stayed until the breakdown. These Graccian changes incorporated the usage of a government assistance framework whereby Romans residents would be sans given corn and the Lex Agraria or land changes that separated the latafundia and expanded the quantity of little scope ranches. The government assistance corn framework excited brutal indignation from the honorability as well as made a urban horde that depended on gifts and later took part in viciousness. Tiberius Gracchus ran for political race to the tribunate for a long time s equentially (123 and 122 BC). This was in direct logical inconsistency to the Cursus Honorum. The senate, when they knew about Tiberius' arrangement, slaughtered him. This activity was noteworthy, because of it being the first occasion when that brutality had been utilized for a political end, it was not to be the last. Marius and Sulla, incredible pioneers of Rome from 119 to 78 BC, can be ascribed some portion of the fault for the breakdown of the republic. Their consistent quarreling prompted factional battling among the individuals and in the long run to common war. Marius came into power before Sulla and, similar to the Gracchi, demonstrated an inclination towards upsetting business as usual and irritated the respectability. Marius' changes fixated on military change, the most questionable of which was the augmentation of military assistance for the landless class. This apparently immaterial change had wide repercussions since it made semi-proficient warriors as opposed to a resident local army. Since no benefits conspire was composed, the fighters were to a great extent reliant on their leaders for installment and annuities of land. This reliance prompted the officers being attached to their leaders, taking into consideration the later advancement of armed forces that were faithful to people as opposed to the state. Marius' hatred for the Cursus Honorum is shown by his remaining in the consular decisions while not in Rome, a post th at he picked up and held for a long time. This activity was in direct inconsistency to the standard of one-year consulships in the Cursus Honorum and permitted Marius to build up a force base that he utilized for his own political plans. Both Marius and Sulla utilized savagery transparently as a political methods. The principal such occurrence was during the council political race where Marius murdered Nonnius, a political rival to his companion Saturnius. This was by all account not the only case of viciousness from Marius. When come back from oust, he slaughtered each and every individual who had ever insulted him and took their territory for himself. Sulla was very little

Opportunity of Residential Property Investment †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Examine about the Opportunity of Residential Property Investment. Answer: Presentation The target of this examination proposition is to break down on whether remote speculation impact the private land showcase in Australia and lodging moderateness. Lodging is considered as the most indispensable resource that is possessed by dominant part of the family units of Australians. It is a colossal family unit riches part and go about as venture vehicle for the individuals in Australia. Gigantic home loans just as business advances are made sure about against the Australians private homes. It has been noted from the ongoing investigation that private land advertise contributes immensely to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Australia (Burke, 2012). The difficult that emerges from this private land advertise is that variety in private property costs impacts the conduct of monetary factors that remembers family unit utilization for different merchandise and their money related strength (Newton Glackin, 2014). In the course of recent decades, the private costs have ascended by a normal of 7 % every year. Thus, the private land showcase has reflected consistent development by around 3% every year since the year 1970. Toward the finish of year 2000, the costs of living arrangement in Australia according to average pay were recorded most noteworthy in the globe. What's more, in the year 2011, the costs of home accounted multiple times of the normal salary of the family units in Australia. Be that as it may, this country encounters land bubble during this period. Besides, the expanding private costs just as low pace of premium have invigorated the development of the private land advertise in this nation (Wadud et al., 2012). In spite of terrible financial conditions, the costs of private propertys have expanded unequivocally because of help of government motivators and this bolstered in the land showcase development. Likewise, outside venture assumes an indispensable job in reinforcing the private land showcase in this nation. This implies the interest just as gracefully of lodging in Australia land showcase expanded attributable to remote speculation. In any case, this interest in private market produced a few development ventures, made new open door for the family unit to purchase the property and expanded work in the country. Actually, immense outside venture made issues of lodging moderateness (Agarwal et al., 2015). This implies ascend in costs of habitation in Australia pushed household home buyers out of private market and close around 10-20% of new lodging are brought by outsiders. It has been opined by Blomstrom (2014), outside speculation is considered as the principle driver of making lodging reasonableness issues the low pay family units in Australia. Late investigation shows that the normal cost of habitation has gotten equal to the normal profit of individuals of seven years. There are not many components that adds to the ascent in private property incorporates Higher credit accessibility inferable from money related deregulation Low pace of enthusiasm since recessionary stage expanded getting limit in light of lower reimbursements Decreasing flexibly of land by the Australian government Rising costs of normal floor region of new abodes by 53.8%. Changes in charge structure embraced by the Australian government including capital increases charge Limitations forced by the administration on the land use or forestalling for higher thickness utilization of land Maturing populace development in Australia Research Aim The fundamental point of this exploration is to inspect both long haul too transient effect of remote interest in Australias private land market and lodging moderateness. This examination proposition likewise encourages in explaining barely any inquiry that emerges from this subject. These exploration questions incorporates Is there any importance of remote interest in private land advertise in Australia? In the course of recent years, this country has encountered tremendous inflow of capital into land industry, explicitly in private land advertise. This straightforwardly raised gracefully of new habitation and along these lines adding advantages to land industry just as providers. Despite what might be expected, it has been noted by certain onlookers that outside interest in private land showcase has prompted ascend in costs of lodging basically for the primary home buyers (Newton Glackin, 2014). Subsequently, it brings about reduction in lodging reasonableness in this country. Conversely, a few eyewitnesses have remarked that remote venture has very little centrality in Australian private land market and lodging moderateness as it represented around 5-10% of national lodging turnover esteem. moreover , they have likewise contended that remote speculation doesn't cause advertise mutilations for the primary purchasers as outside financial specialists works at different value sections from them and buys various sorts of properties. Does outside venture impact the exercises of first buyers in the private land showcase? Ongoing investigation mirrors that the abroad purchasers essentially encourages in making private propertys increasingly moderate as their interest in this industry improves the economy. As outside venture has brought about ascent in costs that are enormously affected by relocation and thus gracefully of living arrangement can't satisfy the need for it. Furthermore, high populace development just as low loan cost raised the lodging costs and this influenced the exercises of the principal buyers in the market (Lieser Groh, 2013). Along these lines, the purchasers could stand to purchase the habitation because of low salary and as s result, they attempt to move to different places or put resources into different segments. This shows outside venture unfavorably impacts on the principal purchasers exercises. Then again, remote venture has some positive angles that incorporates giving tremendous openings for work to the jobless that thus supported the monetary development of Australia. Does outside interest in private market improved its presentation throughout the years? Albeit remote interest in private land advertise has demonstrated unfriendly effect on first purchasers, it has stayed advantageous to this industry. As no limitations are there for the buyers of new home, the administrators in this market accomplished gigantic profit by the outside purchasers (Lee et al., 2015). For instance, most noteworthy number of acquisition of habitation by outside purchasers was recorded in Victoria. This ascent in offer of habitation with significant expense expanded the benefit level of the providers. Additionally, it improved the exhibition of land showcase in this country. Writing Review It has been clear from barely any examinations that the outside speculators effectively partake in putting resources into the private land showcase since worldwide money related emergency in 2008. It has been opined by Moran (2012), the fundamental purpose for ascend in lodging costs was the outside speculators. In the year 2015, the costs of home rose by 5%. Also, the absolute deals of lodging in Australian land advertise that represented 16%, were given to the remote buyers. In the time of worldwide advancement, administrators in land showcase accomplished advantages from remote speculation that helped them in extending their business internationally. The primary determinants that has been refered to for outside financial specialists enthusiasm on land industry was rising liquidity level , more significant yields and enormous chances (Beracha Wintoki, 2013). The pattern that rose after the monetary emergency in the year 2008 with the SWF (Sovereign Wealth Funds), associations of ri ches the executives, private financiers and rich families moving into showcase exercises of worldwide property that abandoned corporate investors. Conventional determinants for which remote speculators put resources into Australian private land advertise The customary determinants refered to for which the outside speculators buys from the private land market of Australia were- It was better principal for speculation It gives tremendous chance to securing freehold property Outside financial specialists particularly the Chinese speculators achieved better returns from Australian land showcase in correlation with property market of China They likewise can acquire from this land market of Australia Consequently, every one of these determinants affected remote financial specialists to put resources into private market of Australia. Therefore, outside venture expanded in the Australian private land advertise. Effect of remote interest in Australias private land market and lodging moderateness Remote interest in Australias private land division has been a money related too political issue in the course of the most recent couple of years. The sharp decrease in pace of intrigue has been the essential driving component that expanded exercises of outside purchasers and skyscraper in costs (Liao et al., 2015). The lodging market in Sydney has been viewed as the main foundation of capitals over last three to five years. The costs of the lodging have been rising emphatically and this influenced reasonableness of first purchasers. Despite what might be expected, the land market of Australia has no limitations for buyers of new lodging and this got advantageous for the administrators of the land showcase. As indicated by the most recent information from Foreign Investment Review Board (FIRB), it mirrors that the commitment of the outside speculators in the land showcase movement is least. This features the remote speculation have little effect on the private market in Australia (Cr owe et al., 2013). Ongoing examination mirrors that in the year 2013-2014, the FIRB allowed 7195 applications by the remote buyers for purchasing home in Australia. In this manner, it spoke to just 2.4% of built up home title moves that had been enrolled during a similar period. Then again, the h

Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip A Non-Introduction Introduction

Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip A Non-Introduction Introduction In high school, most American students are taught to write essays that have a formal introduction, a body that supports that introduction and a conclusion that reinforces the main point presented in the introduction. Although this structure makes for easily comprehensible academic work, business school application essays are constrained by word count, so candidates often have to find alternative openings, not having the luxury of “wasting” 100 words to introduce their topic. Depending on the context and pace of your story, we, at times, recommend the “non-introduction” introduction. If you have a gripping opener that places your reader in the middle of a scenario, we recommend that you launch right into your story to  grab and keep the reader’s attention. Traditional introduction: “Throughout my career, I have strived to continuously learn and develop as a manager, frequently taking enrichment courses, seizing mentorship opportunities and seeking frank feedback from my superiors. When my firm staffed me on its $4.5M Oregon Project (our highest-profile product launch in a decade), I considered it a tremendous opportunity to deliver and never imagined that it would become the greatest test of my managerial abilities. When I arrived in Portland, I discovered a project deemed so important by our firm that it was overstaffed and wallowing in confused directives from headquarters in Chicago. I quickly surveyed the situation and began to create support for changes to…” What if this essay, under the pressure of word limits, were to begin with a slightly modified version of the body? “When I arrived in Portland, I discovered that my firm’s $4.5M Oregon Projectâ€"our highest-profile product launch in a decadeâ€"was overstaffed and wallowing in confused directives from headquarters in Chicago. I quickly surveyed the situation and began to create support for change…” In this case, approximately  70 words are saved, and the reader is immediately thrust into the middle of the story, learning how the writer jumped into the Oregon Project and ultimately saved the day. Although the “non-introduction introduction should not be used for every essay, it can be a valuable tool when applied with discretion. Share ThisTweet Monday Morning Essay Tips

Abortion is Not Ethicial Essay - 729 Words

When one thinks about a topic with many opinions and views, abortion come to mind. Is it murder if the child is not born yet? Abortion is one of the most controversial topics in the United States. Mother Teresa said â€Å"If we accept that a mother can kill even her own child, how can we tell other people to not kill each other? Any country that accepts abortion is not teaching its people to love, but to use any violence to get what they want.† Some may think it is ethical to snatch the life away from an unborn baby. A baby is like a fresh start, a new beginning. It can be something! He can be a doctor and cure cancer or a peace activist and end world violence. With the right guidance a baby can be anything, and do everything. Babies are†¦show more content†¦A fetus cannot breathe yet, but it can move, and think, and eat, and it has feelings. There are many things a human being needs to feel alive, but only one thing we need to actually be alive, a beating heart. At six weeks gestation a fetus has a heartbeat. So how are they not alive? Pro-choice abortion is the belief that women have the right to choose to abort a baby from their body. The pro-choice view is that a baby does not have human rights within the mothers womb. However, whose choice should really be protected? The mother who no longer wants her baby, or the baby who wants to live and be alive. By calling those still in the womb a â€Å"fetus† and those outside the womb a â€Å"baby† it is easier for a woman to abort their un-born baby. Some women are driven to abortion. Rape, incest or even poverty are just a few reasons women believe abortion is ok. They think it’s their only choice and they just cannot have a baby they cannot afford, or was forced inside of her. Should abortion ever be ok, even under these circumstances? Should a baby with a disability not to deserve to live? At what point should even the extreme need of an abortion not be ok? Babies can live outside the womb around twenty-three weeks. At this point it should no lo nger be abortion, it is murder. There are circumstances where pro-choice can be ok, but should we be able to decide whether killing a baby is ok or not?

Situational Leadership Is The Second Model That May Fit...

Situational leadership is the second model that may fit with poverty in mind. This style of leadership involves having different levels of leadership based on where that employee or student is at. Blanchard (1982) suggests that leadership is always in a fluid state. This state does not allow for a â€Å"one size fits all† approach to leadership. Wu, Tsui, Kinicki (2010) concur that this approach looks at every situation in a vacuum and no situation is identical. They carry on Blanchard’s belief that individualized leadership examines the individuals’ strength and use those skills to fit the tasks that fit that individual. There are four components to Blanchard’s beliefs. They are directing, coaching, supporting and delegating. The first tenet, directing, deals with a student or employee that has a low skill level or is unwilling to do the task at hand. This style is used when the stakes are high or the person being directed is too timid to try. T his method is successful when the leader maintains with this style until actions are completed. The second belief, coaching is when followers have a high belief in following but little ability. Blanchard (1982) writes that coaching is similar to directing in establishing roles and responsibilities. Coaching is different in the fact that the leader seeks out feedback and suggestions. This becomes a give and take situation. Leaders that use coaching; listens, advises and helps build the skill level of the follower. TheShow MoreRelatedDr. Ruby Payne And Eric Jenson s Research2400 Words   |  10 PagesEducational Leadership is a highly researched topic. Researchers studying leadership are constantly challenging how to meet the needs of our teachers and workers. Current research, however, leaves out a significant group of followers. That group is students, especially students in poverty. Ruby Payne’s and Eric Jenson’s research speaks on how to reach out to these students. There is a gap in the research when applying these principles to administrative leadership. Principals or campus instructionalRead MoreWhat Makes A Good Leader?3137 Words   |  13 Pages Abstract Efficient leadership helps our nation through times of danger. It helps a business organization to be successful. The effective leadership of parents enables children to grow strong and healthy and be successful. The absence of leadership is equally dramatic. Think, without leadership, organizations move slowly, stagnate and lose their way. Leaderless organization is like an army without generals. We distinguish the importance of leadership when we vote for our political leaders. WeRead MoreLeadership and Mentoring Essay3403 Words   |  14 PagesContents 1: Introduction to Leadership and Mentoring 2: definition of leaders and Mentors 3: Exemplary models 4: Roles and Values 5: Standard Ethics 6: Case study 7: Conclusion 8: References I: Introduction Leadership and mentoring has generally been mistaken to be the same thing however during the course of this assignment I aim to prove otherwise that although leaders and mentors may share some similar traits they have different definitions and perform different functions. ThereRead MoreHow Technology Affects Consumer Behaviour?14761 Words   |  60 Pagesorganizations and individuals. Among most important models the author would like to emphasize Technology Acceptance Model, Motivation Model, Theory of Planned Behavior, Innovation Diffusion Theory etc. Davis Technology Acceptance Model (Davis, 1989) predicts information technology acceptance and usage. In this model the user’s behavioral intention to use a technology is affected by their perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of the technology. This model was originally developed for studying technologyRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography: Plagiarism39529 Words   |  158 Pagesfirst of these is clearly dishonest. You are, in effect, stealing other peoples work and passing it off as your own. In doing so you are claiming credit for something that it not your own. It may be that the agency that is funding the work is being defrauded by paying for something that is not original: it may be that the publisher is unknowingly put into the position of assisting you to infringe another persons copyright. Some people defend self-plagiarism on the grounds that the work is their ownRead MoreLee Kuan Yew - Singapore Prime Minister6837 Words   |  28 Pageswas the first-born and he was a boy, important to the Chinese for perpetuating the family name. He gave his grandfather such great pride that the old man declared that the child should be educated to become the equal of any Englishman, that is, the model of perfection. The name chosen for him, Kuan Yew, means the light that shines far and wide. FAMILY He is married to Kwa Geok Choo, a similarly brilliant mind who was a Queens Scholar and the first Malayan woman to achieve a First Class HonorsRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesmechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designationsRead MoreUnderstanding the People Who Work at and Patronize Build-a-Bear Workshop8790 Words   |  36 Pagespositive outcomes like higher job performance, greater life satisfaction, and higher e ducational and occupational attainment. Still, researchers have argued that GMA may unintentionally elicit jealousy and even hostility in one’s coworkers, and that because people high in GMA may overestimate the threat they pose to others, they may treat others in a condescending way. Personality has been found to play a role in the relationships between people with high GMA and others. The take-away for highlyRead MoreComparative Public Administration11510 Words   |  47 Pagesconceptual approaches in Comparative Public Administration. I 521 INTRODUCTION Dear student, comparisons of administfativesystems has had a long traditibn. But a focus on this aspect of administrative studies is about forty years old. Only ttfter the Second World War and with the emergence of new nations in Asia and Africa, a vigorous interest in compar*ve studies of Public Administration has evolved. Comparative Public Administration, in simple terms, refers to a comparative study of government administrativeRead MoreThe Marketing Of The Retail Industry8210 Words   |  33 Pagesunemployment, consumers are frugal with their spending (Farfan, 2014). Enticing a consumer to spend the money they possess, using sales and promotions draw those consumers into stores if retailers focus on the products desired by the frugal consumer. Situational analysis Stacy’s Helping Hand, conceived in 2013, provides the elderly and disabled an entirely different shopping experience with a retail store design and layout, built with them in mind. The business also gives different services never realized

Teaching A Pre Coaching Plan - 1732 Words

TRIDENT UNIVERSITY INTERNATIONAL LED 514 CASE #1 Keisha Holmes Leadership Growth Plan Introduction The purpose of this paper is to develop a pre-coaching plan that will address the goals of the session, the skills to be used, the method taken to conduct the session, and the questions I will ask. The paper will report the facts of the session and illustrate success and challenging areas. I will highlight the lessons I learned as well as areas where improvement is needed. This project will provide coaching to a coachee in the efforts of enhancing their professional and performance goals. Through my guidance and leadership is it my goal to assist the coachee in developing a plan of action to align his†¦show more content†¦To better understand the goals of this session, it is imperative that I ask leading questions. Questions designed to bring out an underlying meaning. Questions can aid in the communication process, as it is a tool to generate the though process, enhance perception, and offers clarity and answers (Cook, 2009). During the Skype session, I must demonstrate k een awareness and take heed to any visible non-verbal indications, as observation is a necessary skill that coincides with communication. Paying close attention through thorough observation, I will be able to pick up on hidden clues that are usually omitted in the conversation. This will help me determine the behaviors of the coachee (Cook, 2009). The last skill I will use is guidance. The primary purpose of this session is to offer guidance to the coachee. According to Daft (2012), ?the attitudes and behaviors of leaders shape the conditions that determine how well employees can do their job? (Daft, 2012, pg. 422), therefore guidance and leadership will have a great impact on the coachee reaching his ultimate goal. Due to the fact that the coach and the coachee live in different parts of the United States, the coaching session will be conducted telephonic and Skpe face to face chats. During this session the following questions will be asked. What would you like to accomplish? What is the biggest obstacle? What do you believe the first step is to reach your goal? Are you willing to make sacrifices? WhatShow MoreRelatedTeaching Is The Process Of Developing A Physically Literate Individual1294 Words   |  6 PagesIn my own opinion, teaching is the process of developing a physically literate individual with the ability to carry out the physically active lifestyle through-out their life. According to NASPE Resource Brief Quality of Physical Education, the definition of teaching is: by having a quality physical education program that provides learning opportunities, appropriate instruction, meaningful and challenging content, and student and program assessment. 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Differences between efficient and effective communication free essay sample

Communication is essentially a dialogue between the sender and the receiver of a message. It may involve ‘giving’ or information ‘passing. ’ It is defined by other scholars as the transference of information from one mind to another. Communication forms the basis of all human endeavors and all interactions occurring in nature, it is a tool with which people express themselves clearly. For instance Kanyama (2011:16) calls it the power of assertiveness with which young people express their desires, expectations and feelings sparkling an interest to other parties to know who they are and what they stand for. Communication is a continuous process involving exchange of ideas. Jain(2009) puts it this way, ‘we communicate our thoughts and feelings to our family members, friends and colleagues every hour of our life. To be human is to communicate, communication is composed of interactions among many other elements and it is an ongoing process. ’ Elements of communication comprise of the source of communication being the person who speaks or communicates by way of writing or encodes the message. The message is then sent through the message carrier which is the instrument used in communication then the message is received by the receiver who decodes the message. What follows is the response or feedback given by the receiver. These elements of communication have a great impact on individual behaviour in managing organisational behaviour, because if any of these elements are not clear or vague the communication process will be interrupted. The elements of communication play a vital role for effective and efficient communication and for the sole purpose of this assignment, the pages that follow discuss the ‘DIFFERENCE BETWEEN EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION AND EFFICIENT COMMUNICATION. ’ 2 FIGURE 1. COMMUNICATION FLOW differences between effective and efficient communication Efficient communication is brief, straight to the point and time limited while Effective communication is not really limited by time as it includes a lot of verification and validation , Northridge( 2010 ). Communication between animals is very simple, birds sing to attract a mate, Dogs bark to scare off an intruder, cats purr to show pleasure. The messages are basic and there is little room for miscommunication. The messages are understood and they are accepted or not. Human Speech has evolved to 2700 languages across the world and the Oxford English Dictionary lists 500 000 English words, Still humans have trouble communicating. The question of the difference between effective communication and efficient communication has become a common topic in sales and business communication were both time and impact are money. Analysis has been made on how to best integrate the two conceptual fruits which are frequently at odds. 3 EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION All human interactions are a form of communication. In the business world nothing can be achieved without effectively communicating with employers, employees, clients, suppliers and customers. Mc pheat ( 2012 ). Effective communication occurs when a desired effect is the result of intentional or unintentional information sharing , which is interpreted between multiple entities and acted on in a desired way. This effect also ensures the messages are not distorted during the communication process. Effective communication should generate the desired effect and maintain the effect with the potential to increase the effect of the message. Therefore effective communication serves the purpose for which it was planned or designed for . Possible purpose might be to elicit change , generate action, create understanding , inform or communicate a certain idea or point of view. ‘words are but pictures of our thoughts’ Dryden (1631-1700). Our brains do not think in words, they think in symbols. Because of this a person can be fluent in multiple languages and they do not think in one language and translate into another. They actually think symbolically and conceive the symbolic thoughts into the appropriate language. Therefore effective communication is accurately transmitting the symbolic concepts in your brain to the brain of another person, In addition communication is not effective if it only transmit your ideas. In order to have effective communication the other person(s) must receive and interpret the message as it was intended. Rusell Hoban puts it this way, ‘after all, when you come right down to it, how many speak the same language even when they speak the same language? ’’ Here we can deduce that communicating efficiently is not the same as communicating efficiently, the distinction lies in the delivery of the message and the benefit of understanding. This can be narrowed down to mode of delivery and the ease with which the message can be understood and how both parties benefit, as we learn in the following quote; ‘effective communication is really all anyone ever gets paid for ultimately.. and if you cannot effectively communicate.. you will pay and not get paid’ ( David Firebaugh ) 4 EFFICIENT COMMUNICATION We shall never understand one another until we reduce the language to seven words Gibran ( 1883-1931 ). Efficient communication must be time limited, straight to the point. This type of communication conveys the desired message in the shortest time possible and this brevity may be insufficient for understanding keeping in mind that efficient communication may or may not be effective communication. Efficient communication is most likely to be effective if there is pre-established mutual understanding between the message maker and the receiver without which efficient communication and effective communication lie on opposite ends of the same spectrum. Efficient communication involves direct communication with the concerned party and is conducted in a way that swiftly carries immediate impact. Quoting Alain de Botton, ‘I passionately believe that it’s not just what you say that counts, it’s also how you say it. That the success of your argument critically depends on your manner of presenting it. ’ Efficient communication deals with facts. For instance when a candidate is attending job interviews, he need only say what is important. Adler ( 2013 ) the real skill in the question of the credibility of the job candidate is associated with fact finding. After obtaining a complete word picture of the candidate’s major accomplishments, they are compared to the performance requirement of the job to determine if the candidate is fit or not. Communicating efficiently means wasting no time, it implies being sure that you are using the most appropriate communication format. For instance a supervisor of a department could spend too much time sharing instructions with fellow workers by typing emails on a computer or mobile device when it could be more efficient to walk around the office and communicate his expectations quickly. Furtther efficient communication takes advantage of the opportunity window and quickly give the message, Smith (2013 ) throw information at prospects hoping to sell a product or service before the buyer could hang up the phone or slam the door. 5 FIGURE 2. TABLE OF MAJOR DIFFERENCES BETWEEN EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT COMMUNICATION EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION EFFICIENT COMMUNICATION Not limited by time Limited by time Seeks to explain and ensure the message is understood Ensures message delivery Guaranteed delivery of communication to everyone concerned Provides only the information that is needed to stakeholders who need it Makes use of alternative channels to make sure the message is understood Focuses on the most appropriate communication channel Facts are explained to ensure understanding by everyone Direct communication of facts to achieve immediate impact Communicates many messages using available resources Communicates single message using available resources Involves being smooth and gentle to win the attension of your audience Calls for brevity, sincerity, fairness and truth Effective communication puts into consideration every detail, Important or less important Efficient communication focuses on facts and communicates what is very important 6 CONCLUSION The best forms of communication are those that achieve interactivity, encourage feedback and maintain a two way flow so that the message is influenced and informed by the views of the recipient , thus allowing a dialogue to replace a monologue. The essence of dialogue is that there are two targets, and it’s important that each target listen to the other, this makes communication efficient ( Josiah, 2001 ). On the other hand too many conflicts and failed projects can be traced back to lack of effective communication which seeks to unite every detail to have complete information. I would like to end my discussion with the ‘PARADOX OF THE ORANGE. ’ In the ‘paradox of the orange,’ two children are in the kitchen; each wants an orange, but there is only one left. A parent is near the kitchen and hears the discussion regarding the orange and decides to let the children solve the problem. The discussion becomes very heated, and fearing that one child might injure the other , the parent rushes in and solves the problem by cutting the orange in half. The first child takes one half, peels the fruit from the rind, and eats the fruit. The second child takes the other, peels the fruit from the rind , throws away the fruit and eats the rind. The point of the paradox is that if both parties had listened to what the other party was saying, they both could have had twice as much of what they wanted, but they failed because they could not make use of effective and efficient communication. If they had communicated effectively they would not have argued and made so much noise that it alarmed the mother and if they had communicated efficiently, one would have eaten a full orange and the other a full rind.

Save The Moon From Kerdy Dickus free essay sample

In the short story â€Å"Save The Moon For Kerdy Dickus† by Tim Wynne-Jones, the stranger misinterpreted a few things that led him to think he was abducted by aliens. First, the stranger smelled of alcohol and cigarettes, he seemed slightly drunk by his low awareness, forgetfulness and drowsiness. In the short story it said â€Å"His wet clothes smelled of alcohol and cigarette smoke.† and another passage said â€Å"Cards,† he said. â€Å"Having a few drinks Christmas † which proves that he has been drinking and getting drunk. This is connected to his misinterpretation of many things because it altered his perception of vision and hearing such as how he misheard Ky saying Better save some room for turkey dinner as Save the Moon for Kurdy Dickus. Secondly, he was unfamiliar with the japanese food given to him by Ty’s family. In the story, the newspaper article stated that he thought the food were drugs being given to him as a test subject and how he was throwing up for the whole day after that night. We will write a custom essay sample on Save The Moon From Kerdy Dickus or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Since, the stranger is unfamiliar with foreign food he misinterpreted it as a foreign food from another planet and believed he was abducted. Finally, the stranger is from a less technological part of the country. The stranger was completely unfamiliar with the technologie, he was very surprised to see a modern phone and the beeping lights of the fax machine. The connection of this to the topic is since the stranger was from a less technological part of the country, all this new technologie made him feel very lost and confused making him feel as if he’d been abducted by aliens, he was even constantly asking where he was. All these points of how the stranger was unfamiliar with the new technology, the new foreign food and his altered perception from being drunk has lead him to think that he was abducted by aliens.

Inside Caligari and The Last Laugh essays

Inside Caligari and The Last Laugh essays The films, The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari and The Last Laugh were very important films. They opened new doors to cinema. They showed the world that films dont have to leave you feeling really good about life and the world we live in. By this I mean that the two films listed above tell the viewers about the power people posses and the misuse of that power. There are different ways to misuse power; the rich take power for granted, and in Caligaris case, well, he madly misuses his status as the head doctor of the asylum. My basic idea for this essay is to show that power is derived from different sources; money, status, attitude, and appearance, however, that power isnt always used for the best purposes. The films use expressionistic devices to support my thesis in ways that compare to and appose one another. In Caligari there were several instances where expressionism was used. The set of Caligari was the first obvious expressionistic device used. The shadows on the set were perfect for the somnambulist Cesare to stalk his unsuspecting victims. He gained control of all of his prey by using the set to blend and then emerge with element of surprise. He had a dark, unrealistic look that fit in with the dark shadows that were sometimes painted onto the set. Cesares victims had nowhere to hide, however, he had everywhere to hide. Basically the set portrayed the atmosphere of the movie; black, warped, and fairly unrealistic. The slanted buildings and the painted backdrops and walkways gave the viewer the initial sense of something wrong in their midst. The Last Laugh didnt try to make the viewer feel awkward, but it did use its set to give the viewer a strong shift in emotion. At the beginning the doorman was on top of the world in his position, but after he was unable to peform his duties, he was demoted to the bathroom attendant. Here the set takes on the unrealistic form. The bathro...

Criminology - sociology -philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Criminology - sociology -philosophy - Essay Example According to Phillipson, traditional criminology fails to understand criminal law. The subject matter of criminology is defined by non-criminologists thus placing limits on the discipline (Phillipson:4). Even though criminology is acknowledged as the study of crime and criminals, it fails to understand criminal law because sorts of behaviours that are branded as crimes and the people who are convicted as criminals emerge out of social processes which are independent of the professional criminologists’ activities (Phillipson:3).. Traditional criminology, therefore, has his subject matter given to him through the society’s formal definitions of crime (illegal behaviours). It is also the society that identifies the individuals who commit criminal acts and not criminal law. In addition, traditional criminology has been a failure because legal definitions of what is a criminal behaviour vary within any society (Phillipson:6).. This is because what is regarded as  a crime i n a  given  Ã‚  society may not be in another because different societies have different definitions of criminal behaviours. For instance, some societies accept homosexual behaviour, gambling and drug use while others consider them criminal offenses. This, therefore, means that there is no one universal behaviour that is always and everywhere criminal because societies’ reactions to crime change with regards to time and place (Phillipson:5). Traditional criminology has ignored social processes upon which criminal law is made. It however rests upon an implicit acceptance of the legal status quo. This unquestioning acceptance of upheld values limit the questions criminologists ask as well as the answers they get from questions relating to the causes of crimes (Phillipson:7). This restricts the focus of traditional criminology in search of causes to individuals who were officially convicted of criminal offences. The limited vision of

The Approximate Size of My Favorite Tumor Essay

The Approximate Size of My Favorite Tumor - Essay Example In â€Å"The Approximate Size of My Favorite Tumor,† Sherman Alexie portrays a character immersed in humor so to say, from the cradle to the grave and from the womb to the tomb! Jimmy Many Horses is an individual who owns problems galore to make his life miserable and humorous. His never-ending concerns are relationships, alcoholism, modern society versus traditional values and above all doomed lives. He regales the readers with his version of the history of his relationship with his wife, Norma. In the trials and tribulations of life, even when one is afflicted with the life-threatening disease like cancer, humor is the potential energy giver that lightens the burden of the painful and stressful hours and days of the patient, and those around him. My chosen aspect in this story is humor, humor, and more humor! That runs through each and every turn of the story. Detailed analysis and evidence has been provided in the ensuing paragraphs and at this stage, I need to make a speci al mention of the encounter of the couple with a policeman patrolling the highway and Sherman Alexie describes, â€Å"We watched him walk back to his cruiser, climb in, and drive off, breaking four or five laws as he flipped a U-turn, left 166 rubber, crossed the center line, broke the speed limit, and ran through a stop sign without lights and siren.† (5) Amazing observation! Jimmy struggles to come to terms with his alcohol addiction and terminal cancer that will carry him to the grave undoubtedly. Yet he is jovial and is unconcerned about his health concerns. He asserts with confidence, â€Å"Listen . . . if I stole 1,000 horses, I’d give you 501 of them.†(2) This man Jimmy is not an ordinary human being. He is willing to laugh in a near death situation and he goes on with his tantrums in all seriousness. Norma finds it difficult to put up with his willful laughter dispositions and leaves him temporarily to join the powwow circuit. Notwithstanding the abrupt separation, internally she intensely remembers the psychological bond with Jimmy and returns to him in his last days and by that time, she has ingrained something from his original asset of humor as she explains the significance of her return journey, in this meaningful composition, "Because someone needs to help you die the right way," she said. "And we both know that dying ain't something you ever have done before.† I had to agree with that." And maybe," she said, "because making fry bread and helping people die are the last two things Indians are good at." "Well," I said. "At least you're good at one of them." And we laughed. (6) Humor is contagious and Jimmy must have enjoyed the sparks of wit now seen in his wife. During the X-ray examination the tumor is identified and on Jimmy’s getting that information, he puts his stamp of humor and he offers its description by stating that "Well, I told her the doctor showed me my X-rays and my favorite tumor was just about th e size of a baseball, shaped like one, too. Even had stitch marks."(1) But at the end of the story, Norma has come to terms with his sense of humor and their domestic dialogues attain a new dimension. In the middle of the story, Jimmy’s metaphorical remark steals the thunder and he candidly says, â€Å"Still, you have to realize that laughter saved Norma and me from pain, too. Humor was an antiseptic that cleaned the deepest of personal wounds (4).  Ã‚  

Psychology Genogram Essay Example for Free

Psychology Genogram Essay The paper will discuss reasons that motivation will be important while during service How do you define motivation? Most dictionaries define motivation as taking action or moving. Motivation to most people is the ability to go beyond self and push you to accomplish certain goals and desires. There must be a driving force that initiates certain behaviors when you define motivation. Motivation takes an inner resolve to make a change or to get something done in order to achieve it. There are different types of motivation that would define motivation in a broader way. A few that can be mentioned are self-motivation, achievement motivation, and attitude motivation. Self-motivation is what most people use to define motivation at its highest peak of accomplishments. If you are able to motivate yourself and reach your goals, you would have conquered the ability to be disciplined and will accomplish anything you put your mind to. The key to becoming self-motivated is persistence. Persistence is the ability to stay focused despite any challenges. It requires an inner resolve to step outside of self and find something from deep within that you may not have known was even there. Motivation is very important to all decisions that you have to make. Without the ability to define motivation and how you can make it work for you, then your life will be an endless drama of going around in circles. The following paper will discuss ways to motivation or to serve others and exploring reasons for service. Motivation helps you start. One of the first steps to success is simply to start. Unfortunately, its often not easy to start. The task may seem too big to handle. The difficulties may seem too many. Or perhaps youre just plain lazy. Whatever it is, you need something to help you start and that is where your motivation comes into play. When you are motivated, you will naturally want to start. Starting doesnt feel difficult because you want it. This way starting will feel effortless and you will be ahead of many people who find it difficult to even start.

Commentary on Hope Essay -- Papers

Commentary on Hope Aimed at the older teenagers with sophisticated lexis, 'Hope' has been opened by presenting literary devices such as personification, phonological features and repetition, thus setting the scene whilst subtly stressing the conveyed mood and theme. The usage of the present tense rather than the past removes the linear dictation by time and restricts knowledge to situation rather than chronology. By applying a present tense to this text, I have removed the idea that the darkness has limits as it seems to be immovable, and because of this, the reader has to accept it's presence and learn how to benefit from the lighter area's. Within 'Hope', a musical lexis is applied to the text, creating more intensity and dynamic description to the text. The reader is instinctively drawn towards the phonological side of the scene rather than the visual as they are able to hear 'that horrific scream crescendo dynamically'. Furthermore, this centres the reader's thoughts on the unanswered questions they may have a...

Policy issues affecting the police Essay

Just like any other department in the government, the police force is largely influenced by the policy issues that the government adopts. Be it new laws or strategies, they have to adjust their operations so as to fit what the policies dictate. The duty of the police is to maintain law and order and in doing this they have to incorporate policies set by the government. As it will be shown in this paper, these policy issues may affect the activities of the police force such that they may have to completely change their modes of operations to fit the government’s requirements. Many policies concerning police conduct, human rights and police duties are have been put forward in many forums and conferences addressing national security. Analysis Unlike in the past where the police had an absolute power, a police officer nowadays may find himself or herself being sued for violation of human rights such as police manhandling or assault (Freund, 2006; Meadows, 2000). There are several policies that have been put forward following revision of several laws which affect the police directly. Policy issues on human rights requiring specific procedures of arrest and handling of suspects have been made. The fourth amendment has limited police power especially with the private law that protects citizens from unwarranted searches and seizures. This means that before a police officer can search or seize private property, there must be a warrant which is given when the need to search premises is of great importance to protect security. Individual liberty and human rights protects citizens from false detention. The fourth amendment comes as a civil liability to the police officers which limits their activities since they have to pay attention to avoid breaking the law (Freund, 2006). This has affected the police in that it has limited their ability to obtain as much information as possible concerning a crime. Some officers have also found themselves in court over what can be referred to as assault during arrest. Perhaps one of the most current policy issues that has affected the police is the government’s anti-terrorism policy. A strong policy especially after the 9-11 attacks on the U. S brought out the importance of the need to heighten security to prevent such attacks from happening in future. The government aims at keeping the possibility of any terrorist attack which must involve the police (Pleck, 2004). The involvement of the police force in the war against terrorism has led to the need for more training on the police officers on incident management and terrorism intelligence. As the government noted, the police force was not well equipped to handle such severe incidents hence the need for training on incident management. Again, there the need to develop intelligence skills to counter any form of threats calls for proper training of the police. In order to ensure that the needs of this policy are met, the government has introduced special training schedules for the police which they have to attend to keep updating them on better skills and intelligence on avoiding terrorism attacks as well as how on how to deal with terrorism incidents if by any chance they occur (Pleck, 2004). Community policing is a policy issue that has come up as a result of the need for the community to take part in their own security through reporting any suspicious act to the police. This is because the community is at the best position to identify those that live among them (Palmiotto, 2000). The government requires that the police officers work hand in hand with the community so as to curb crime activities in the society. The effect of this on the police is that there has been need for training to help them be able to deal with the community and aid in identifying between potential danger and normal happenings (Palmiotto, 2000). The police have also been given the extra duty of training and educating members of the public on how to identify potential threats within the community and how they can deal with them in conjunction with the police. The community policing mostly focuses on vulnerable groups such as children and women who are likely to be victims of violence. Policy issues concerning rape have been put forward which has necessitated for trained specialists to handle rape calls as well as interaction between the police and medical practitioners to help in solving such cases (Palmiotto, 2000). The government advocates for advancement in technology for sustainable developments. As a matter of national security, there has been the rising need for the police to upgrade their technology so as to meet the ever increasing crime rates. Technology has been used by criminals to steal from numerous citizens and this has raised an issue of concern. Cyber crimes, phishing and identity theft have been on the rise. The problem with these kinds of crimes is that catching the perpetrators can be quite hard due to the advancement in technology that is used to conduct the crimes. Keeping up with these developments poses a challenge to the police who have to come up with more advanced methods to locate cyber thieves, hackers and identity thieves. More often than not, the police are subject to the laws of prosecution and provision for justice. Policies on the procedures of prosecution highly affect the police. For example, the police are bound by law to only file a prosecution when there is substantial evidence for the occurrence of the crime. Different policies exist for different kind of prosecutions. The juvenile justice for example has undergone many changes and new policies have come up following proceedings from various cases. Juveniles have a wide range of rights and detention of a juvenile can only be under serious suspicions of delinquency. Proof that is beyond reasonable doubt must also be established to ensure that the juvenile offender poses a threat to the community (Rick, 2003). Policies on juveniles also require that they be put under preventive detention according to the standards set by the law (Rick, 2003). This differentiates juvenile offenders from adult ones. The police therefore should pay attention to such details so as to be on the safe side of the law. It is also part of their duties to act according to the laws. Conclusion It is evident that the police’s activities are highly influenced by policy issues. The government which also determines the rules of a country constantly comes up with policies for national development. These policies may alter a department’s activities or increase its responsibilities depending on how the policy issue is to be tackled. It must also be noted that apart from government policies, each police department has its own policies which guide the officers (Miller, 1997). These include the code of ethics that must be followed by the respective officers. Rules on duties rosters, dress code and punishment for police misconduct within the department are strictly followed. Breaking of these laws may result in serious circumstances and hence the police officers must follow them to the letter. Word Count: 1179 References Freund, E. (2006). The Police Power, Public Policy and Constitutional Rights. New York: Callaghan & Company. Meadows, R. J. (2000). A Study of Police Misconduct and Litigation: Findings and Implications. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice. 41(2), 77-92. Miller, S. et al. (1997). Police ethics. London: Allen & Unwin, 1997. Palmiotto, M. (2000). Community policing: a policing strategy for the 21st century. New York: Jones & Bartlett Publishers. Pleck, E. (2004). Police in the fight against terrorism. American Journal of Police, 25(1), 38- 45. Rick, A. (2003). Juvenile Justice. New York: Odhams Press.

Possible Future of Nuclear Energy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 14 Words: 4109 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/07/31 Category Energy Industry Essay Level High school Tags: Nuclear Energy Essay Did you like this example? The Future of Nuclear Energy Abstract Climate change is a threat to the entire planet. The increase in global temperature is significantly altering our planets climate, resulting in more extreme and unpredictable weather. Greenhouses gases, such as carbon dioxide, trap heat in the atmosphere and regulate our climate. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Possible Future of Nuclear Energy" essay for you Create order These gases exist naturally, but humans add more carbon dioxide by burning fossil fuels for energy and by clearing forests. Humans have sped the climate change process by relying on fossil fuels for a long time now. It is necessary to shift the focus to more sustainable source of energy. The shift to renewables is a long-awaited transition in the history of mankind. The transition always made sense, but there are innumerable factors- economic, social and political which make this transition difficult. The renewables also have some technological concerns which make the transition difficult. One clean energy resource has been making progress slowly and steadily which could help smoothen the transition and solve the current problems faced by solar and wind, is nuclear fusion energy. The problem with this source of energy is the bad image in public, which makes it difficult to regulate it for the policy makers. This paper attempts to explore the future of nuclear energy amidst the uncert ainty of renewables and ignorance of the advantages of nuclear fusion energy. Introduction The global temperatures are rising constantly. It leads to melting of glaciers and increase in ocean water level. The world has seen more hurricanes in this decade than in past century. The intensity of the natural calamities is getting severe with each passing year. This results in endangering the species and leading them for their extinction, animals find it extremely difficult to adapt to these drastic changes. The devastation by these natural calamities has left the mankind wondering about their mistakes. A large portion of the educated masses are aware of the disaster that is waiting for the mankind if not immediate steps are taken, whereas few ignorant souls are unaware. Many scientists have given up on the positive outcome of climate change, few estimate that we have less than 40% chance to survive this disaster. It is the need for the future that global community be united under one roof and regulates strategies to fight the climate change. World treaties and Paris agreement The world has come together before multiple times to try globally. The first time a global treaty was signed was in 1987 called the Montreal Protocol, which required all nations to phase out CFCs, a chemical used in refrigerators and air conditioners that was munching through our ozone layer. It imposed hard targets for phasing out CFC and it was legally binding. Also, it took into consideration the developing countries by making special allowances for them, so that the initiative is not a hindrance for their progress. That treaty was a huge success, saving the ozone layer. This led to the world leaders to think that climate treaty on a global level could help fight the climate change. The Paris agreement is not the first climate treaty signed by the global community. It all started with the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, a treaty that split the world into developed and developing countries and the roles for the agreement was divided as per that classification. It binded the developed countries to cut their emissions and developing countries were given leeway to develop their economy. It ended being a complete disaster as the developed countries felt unfair about changing their ways whereas developing countries, grew so fast that they emitted more than what developed countries could stop. After that, in Copenhagen 2009, UN negotiators tried to craft a successor treaty to Kyoto that would require all countries, rich and poor, to make legally binding commitments. But that didnt work, either. After the failed climate treaties, it was important to decide a format which would work. we have reached at a stage where if global efforts are not taken, the planet is destroyed. The Paris Agreement central aim is to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change by keeping a global temperature rise this century well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius. Every country must try to help fight the climate change and make a serious commitment towards reduction of carbon emissions. The agreement, not being legally binding this time was the strength of this agreement. Every country would start by submitting an entirely voluntary pledge for how it planned to address climate change. The content would be up to each individual government, to decide what works for them economically and technologically. This allowed the nations to have an individual plan without the legal o bligations being forced on it. Since every country had different priorities, this approach also allowed countries to tailor their climate efforts to their own individual circumstances. China could focus on air pollution and India could focus on electricfying its villages with solar power. The idea is that cooperation and political persuasion can achieve what the quest for a binding treaty failed to do. Climate change and carbon emissions The levels of carbon emissions have been increasing rapidly for the past decade. The problem with CO2 is that it stays in the atmosphere for long periods of time. As a result, even if emissions stopped increasing, CO2 concentrations would continue to increase and remain elevated for hundreds of years. Moreover, if we stabilized concentrations and the composition of todays atmosphere remained steady, which would require a dramatic reduction in current greenhouse gas emissions, surface air temperatures would continue to warm. This is because the oceans, which store heat, take many decades to fully respond to higher greenhouse gas concentrations. The oceans response to higher greenhouse gas concentrations and higher temperatures will continue to impact climate over the next several decades to hundreds of years. Last year, the CO2 levels crossed the threshold of 400 ppm and it is increasing every year. The IPCC has marked that beyond 450 ppm would be a catastrophic carbon dioxide level i n the atmosphere. It is extremely important to control the rising emissions. There is on-going research on carbon capture and storage, which would help control the rising emissions. Ideal solutions for climate change There are multiple solutions to fight climate change and all of them point towards the transition to renewable energy. It is important to stop the use of fossil fuels to keep the carbon emissions in check. Fossil fuels provide substantial economic benefits, but in recent decades, a series of concerns have arisen about their environmental costs. A few developed countries have implemented policies to limit fossil fuel consumption through a mixture of taxes, fees, or regulation on carbon emissions and subsidies for energy conservation and the development of low- or no-carbon energy resources. (Covert, Greenstone, Knittel, 2016) There are multiple positive steps taken in this direction to move towards the renewable energy on a global level. California is proposing to reach 60% renewable energy by 2030; 176 countries have clean energy goals. Hawaii, Americas most oil-dependent state, has pledged to be 100% renewable by th middle of the century. There is a raging debate whether 100% renewables are realistic and feasible. Multiple studies have been made and there is on-going research for both the sides. The optimists argue that it will be more cost-effective than the current system, which largely relies on fossil fuels. The researchers say that the existing renewable energy potential and technologies coupled with storage can generate enough energy to meet the global electricity demand by 2050. The pessimists say that was important to push back against the 100 percent argument because they fear political blowback could undermine the goal of reducing emissions far enough and fast enough to keep global temperature s from rising more than 2 degrees Celsius. The term negative emissions is relatively new in the climate change debate. It has been used to describe activities that recover more carbon from the environment than the produce and dispose of it in a safe and permanent form. Without negative emissions technologies it will get progressively more difficult to stop climate change in time. Negative emissions technologies combine capture or extraction of CO2 from the environment with carbon storage. Negative emission technologies can be deployed for canceling out concurrent positive emissions, or they can be used to reduce the carbon content of the atmosphere. Of course, if the world is emitting more CO2 than it recaptures from the environment, a negative emission, even if it is not dedicated to removing a concurrent emission, will only lower the rate of increase, rather than creating a net negative emission. (Anderson Peters, 2016) There are efforts which can be taken on an individual level like energy conservation efforts at home and work. An energy efficient lifestyle can be adopted which would help save energy. Electrical equipment can be unplugged when not in use. The shift to LED lighting can help conserve energy and save money. Biking or walking to work or other walkable areas or carpooling to work can save the emissions by automobile. The need for nuclear energy The question arises from the above discussion that there is no mention of nuclear energy as an ideal solution to climate change and stop carbon emissions, then why should the world be concerned about the future of nuclear energy? Where does the need of nuclear energy arise? The priority for the planet is to stop net emissions of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide. Putting too much emphasis on wind, solar and other renewables may block off better carbon-reduction paths. After decades of investment, it is wrong to leave nuclear power off the table. Carbon emissions in Germany rose because it chose to phase out nuclear power and so burned more coal. Major electricity generation is done by coal, natural gas and petroleum- all fossil fuels. If we aim to forgo fossil fuels, how will we meet the electricity needs of the country? Nuclear may not be an ideal solution but it is carbon neutral and it meets 20% of the electricity needs of US. The reason world keeps falling back to fossi l fuels is because they are reliable, cost-effective, but they also lead to a lot of carbon emissions. Carbon emissions is something that the world cannot afford. Nuclear powers track record of providing clean and reliable electricity compares favorably with other energy sources. Wind and solar power are becoming increasingly widespread, but their intermittent and variable supply make them poorly suited for large-scale use in the absence of an affordable way to store electricity. Hydropower, meanwhile, has very limited prospects for expansion in the United States because of environmental concerns and the small number of potential sites. Concerns about climate change and air pollution, as well as growing demand for electricity, led many governments to reconsider their aversion to nuclear power, which emits little carbon dioxide and had built up an impressive safety and reliability record. Some countries reversed their phaseouts of nuclear power, some extended the lifetimes of existing reactors, and many developed plans for new ones. But the movement lost momentum, when a 9.0-magnitude earthquake and the massive tsunami it triggered devastated Japans Fukushima nuclear power plant. The event caused widespread public doubts about the safety of nuclear power to resurface. Type of nuclear energy The foundation of nuclear energy is harnessing the power of atoms. Nuclear fission takes place when a large, unstable isotope, atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons, is bombarded by high-speed particles, usually neutrons. These neutrons are accelerated and then slammed into the unstable isotope, causing it to fission, or break into smaller particles. During the process, a neutron is accelerated and strikes the target nucleus, which in most of nuclear power reactors today is Uranium-235. This splits the target nucleus and breaks it down into two smaller isotopes three high-speed neutrons, and a large amount of energy. This resulting energy is then used to heat water in nuclear reactors and ultimately produces electricity. The high-speed neutrons that are ejected become projectiles that initiate other fission reactions, or chain reactions. (Duke energy, 2013) Fusion occurs when two smaller atoms collide at very high energies to merge, creating a larger, heavier atom. This is the nuclear process that powers the suns core, which in turn drives life on Earth. Fusion reactions have an energy density many times greater than nuclear fission and fusion reactions are themselves millions of times more energetic than chemical reactions. (Vaillancourt, Labriet, Loulou, Waaub, 2008) The reasons that have made fusion so difficult to achieve to date are the same ones that make it safe. The point to be noted about Nuclear Fusion plants are not like Nuclear Fission plants aka the nuclear plants we use today and it will not melt down. Let us take a magnetic confinement reactor, these reactors work by using magnetic fields to squeeze plasma in a torus (donut-shaped chamber) so that reactions can take place. If the confinement somehow failed and the magnetic fields disappeared, the plasma would simply just expand and cool and the reaction would literally just stop and nothing more would happen. There is no scare of a possible melt down even in a worst-case scenario. The only problem with Nuclear Fusion is that it is difficult to accomplish since its incredibly messy. While its relatively easy to split an atom to produce energy, fusing hydrogen nuclei is a couple of orders of magnitude more challenging. To replicate the fusion process at the core of the sun, we must reach a temperature of at least 100 million degrees Celsius. There are a few risks involved with fusion energy, but they are minor as compared to the fission energy plants. The tremendous energy gain inside the vessel is one of the largest risks of fusion, however, a lot of care has been taken in selecting materials, which will be used to fabricate the vacuum vessel and other plasma facing components to minimize the activation caused by neutrons. Another potential issue is with the storage of tritium, one of essential materials. Since it is a short-term radio-active material, permission from international regulatory body for production and storage of Tritium is essential. Technological issues Tokamak reactors use a doughnut-shaped ring to house heavy and super-heavy isotopes of hydrogen known as deuterium and tritium. The studies show that it takes 50 megawatts of heat to generate 500 megawatts of electricity in a tokamak. Over 200 experimental tokamaks have been built worldwide, but to date they have all consumed more energy than they produce. A massive international tokamak project, the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), aims to turn that situation around. The ITER is designed to produce 10 times as much energy as it takes to run, becoming the first ever net energy producing fusion reactor. ITER is collaboration of more than 35 countries around the world. The ITER members are now actively fabricating and shipping components to the ITER site in France for assembly. It is currently being built in the south of France, but with the first fusion experiments scheduled for 2030. MIT is also developing new technology like ITER but would give quicker results by 2022 or earlier. While tokamaks and stellarators use magnets to confine plasmas, another body of research is focusing on a different strategy to trigger fusion reactions, using high-powered lasers. There are multiple researches going on for nuclear fusion energy and it could be a reality within next 10 years. (Vaillancourt et al., 2008) Social issues The 2011 Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear plant disaster in Japan was a watershed moment for nuclear in Europe, with Italy deferring and subsequently cancelling new nuclear construction projects, and German Chancellor Angela Merkel kick-starting the countrys energy transition, of which phasing out of Germanys civil nuclear fleet is a key component. The event caused widespread public doubts about the safety of nuclear power to resurface. In the United States, an already slow approach to new nuclear plants slowed even further in the face of an unanticipated abundance of natural gas. Any reduction in nuclear generation will increase fossil fuel generation and pollution, given the low capacity factors and intermittency of solar and wind. Germany is a case in point. Its emissions have been largely unchanged since 2009 and increased in both 2015 and 2016 due to nuclear plant closures. Reports show that despite having installed 4% more solar and 11% more wind capacity, Germanys generation from the two sources decreased 3% and 2% respectively, since it wasnt as sunny or windy in 2016 as in 2015. And where France has some of the cheapest and cleanest electricity in Europe, Germany has some of the most expensive and dirtiest. At the same time, new reactors under construction in Finland and France have gone billions of dollars over budget, casting doubt on the affordability of nuclear fission power plants. Public concern about radioactive waste is also hindering nuclear power, and no country yet has a functioning system for disposing of it. In fact, the U.S. government is paying billions of dollars in damages to utility companies for failing to meet its obligations to remove spent fuel from reactor sites. This change in public perception has led to construction delays and cost overruns that have interrupted the principal nuclear states attempts to lead a nuclear revival. Businesses involved in nuclear power try to create new interests by, for example, exporting nuclear plants, fuel and related technology. These new interests mean that nuclear vendors become a new promoter of nuclear power, thus strengthening existing supporters. This allows the nuclear industry to expand and create links with other industries, and in these circumstances, the relevant government agencies are likely to continue to support nuclear power and the advancement of related technology. Majority of the public is unaware about the nuclear fusion and its benefits. A survey conducted by the students at University of Texas, Austin shows that the public opinion on nuclear energy is highly changeable and easily influenced, because most Americans do not feel well informed about the subject. Public opinion about nuclear energy reflects a tradeoff people make between perceptions of need and safety concerns.The percent of well-informed audience was only 21% and among them 54% were in favor of nuclear energy. If the percent of well-informed audience is that low, the results of the survey will be based on the opinions of people who have no idea about the facts and base their opinions on the things they hear from someone. It is important for the masses to be educated in technological progress of nuclear fusion, its advantages and risks involved so that a well-informed decision can be made. The current scenario does not affect the lives of the masses directly in the developed cou ntries, where electricity is cheap for now, they have jobs. It takes deeper awareness to realize the impending doom that the world is facing. One of the biggest challenges that we are facing is creating awareness about the available technology. Its important to create a society which is well-informed and take logical decisions based on facts. Political issues After Fukushima, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, an independent federal agency that licenses nuclear reactors, reviewed the industrys regulatory requirements, operating procedures, emergency response plans, safety design requirements, and spent-fuel management. The NRC will almost certainly implement many the resulting recommendations, and the cost of doing business with nuclear energy in the United States will inevitably go up. Those plants that are approaching the end of their initial 40-year license period, and that lack certain modern safety features, will face additional scrutiny in having their licenses extended. (Vaillancourt et al., 2008) Despite these limitations, there is a clear revival of nuclear energy in long-term projections to fill an important part of the gap between the current capacity and the future energy needs of developing countries without increasing GHG emissions. The fastest growth would be in Asia. Many countries are investing in nuclear research and development, encouraging the current or future penetration of new nuclear technologies. The ITER project seeks to demonstrate the scientific and technological feasibility of fusion energy by building the worlds largest and most advanced tokamak magnetic confinement fusion experiment. ITER is the largest scientific cooperation project ever established, bringing together 35 nations representing more than half of the worlds population and 85% of the planets gross domestic product. The contribution of the seven ITER Members is done essentially in-kindChina, the European Union, India, Japan, Korea, Russia, and the United States have each established a Domest ic Agency that contracts with the industry to manufacture machine components and installation systems. Except for the European Union, each Members contribution represents approximatively 9% of the total value of the project. As host Member, the European Union not only procures its share of components and systems; it is also responsible for delivering the 39 permanent buildings of the installation, which brings its contribution to approximately 45%. Building ITER is also a demonstration that nations, when confronted with a global challenge, can establish a completely new model for international collaboration. ITER marks both the culmination of six decades of international scientific and technological effort and the opening of a new and decisive chapter in the history of fusion research. By demonstrating the feasibility of fusion energy, ITER will answer the question that has obsessed three generations of physicists and engineers. This collaboration sets a huge milestone on internatio nal level, which is one of the longest running experiment in the wake of this global crisis. This is making a slow but steady progress. (Bigot, 2017) The road map to the future Renewables are not ready to store the energy and thats why the paper pitches the idea of using nuclear fusion to bridge the gap between the demand and supply without falling back to fossil fuels. It could be argued that nuclear fusion is also in its experimental stages, whereas renewables at least have made some headway in the technology, then how does the argument make sense. I would like to stress that even though nuclear has been in experimental stage, it is being actively pursued and is slated to make its run by 2030. The renewables on the other hand have been satisfied with its progress for now and is still evaluating the idea of PV with storage facilities. The actual implementation will take years of research before it can be a reality. The research process for nuclear fusion have been going on for some time now and its ready to test its results. With the U.S. federal budget under tremendous pressure, it is hard to imagine taxpayers funding demonstrations of a new nuclear technology. But if the United States takes a hiatus from creating new clean-energy options, be it nuclear fusion, renewable energy, advanced batteries, or carbon capture and sequestration, Americans will look back in ten years with regret. There will be fewer economically viable options for meeting the United States energy and environmental needs, and the country will be less competitive in the global technology market. Conclusion The greenhouse gases accumulate in the atmosphere, finding ways to generate power cleanly, affordably, and reliably is becoming an even more pressing imperative. Nuclear power is not a silver bullet, but it is a partial solution that has proved workable on a large scale. Countries will need to pursue a combination of strategies to cut emissions, including reining in energy demand, replacing coal power plants with cleaner natural gas plants, and investing in new technologies such as renewable energy and carbon capture and sequestration. The governments role should be to help provide the private sector with a well-understood set of options, including nuclear power, not to prescribe a desired market share for any specific technology. (Bigot, 2017) These are not easy steps, and none of them will happen overnight. But each is needed to reduce uncertainty for the public, the energy companies, and investors. 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