The Fall Of The Roman Empire Essays (1299 words) - First Triumvirate

The Fall Of The Roman Empire For men who had effortlessly suffered difficulty, risk and troublesome vulnerability, relaxation and wealth, however here and there alluring, demonstrated oppressive and a wellspring of misery. The reasons for the breakdown of the early Roman Republic can't be ascribed to a solitary occasion, pattern or individual, rather it was because of a mix of every one of the three in changing degrees. The head and basic reason was the breakdown of the political balanced governance, especially the Cursus Honorum from 133 BC onwards. This disruption happened both coincidentally and through the incendiary conduct of people, unwittingly and intentionally sabotaging the texture of the republic as they continued looking for force and magnificence. One generous result of this crippling was the development of savagery as a political methods. When this had happened the finish of the old republic was proclaimed a totalitarian tyranny was conceived. The republic was resulting from a fallen government and was explicitly equipped to forestall a centralization of intensity. The systems to this end were contained in the Cursus Honorum, a record that delineated the stepping stool of workplaces. It requested, in addition to other things, 10 years of military or lawful assistance before any magistracy could be held, yearly political race and two years between successive workplaces. This framework was intended to guarantee that no individual could turn out to be excessively amazing by isolating purview between a few gatherings an d taking into account veto. The Gracchi siblings, Tiberius and Gaius are frequently accused for causing divisions and threatening the privileged and especially the senate by presenting laws and enactment that, despite the fact that advancing populism for poor people, were impetuses to later penetrates of the Cursus Honorum. Both Tiberius and Gaius had laws instituted without speaking with the senate. This debilitated the senate's capacity and begun a pattern of overlooking the senate that stayed until the breakdown. These Graccian changes incorporated the usage of a government assistance framework whereby Romans residents would be sans given corn and the Lex Agraria or land changes that separated the latafundia and expanded the quantity of little scope ranches. The government assistance corn framework excited brutal indignation from the honorability as well as made a urban horde that depended on gifts and later took part in viciousness. Tiberius Gracchus ran for political race to the tribunate for a long time s equentially (123 and 122 BC). This was in direct logical inconsistency to the Cursus Honorum. The senate, when they knew about Tiberius' arrangement, slaughtered him. This activity was noteworthy, because of it being the first occasion when that brutality had been utilized for a political end, it was not to be the last. Marius and Sulla, incredible pioneers of Rome from 119 to 78 BC, can be ascribed some portion of the fault for the breakdown of the republic. Their consistent quarreling prompted factional battling among the individuals and in the long run to common war. Marius came into power before Sulla and, similar to the Gracchi, demonstrated an inclination towards upsetting business as usual and irritated the respectability. Marius' changes fixated on military change, the most questionable of which was the augmentation of military assistance for the landless class. This apparently immaterial change had wide repercussions since it made semi-proficient warriors as opposed to a resident local army. Since no benefits conspire was composed, the fighters were to a great extent reliant on their leaders for installment and annuities of land. This reliance prompted the officers being attached to their leaders, taking into consideration the later advancement of armed forces that were faithful to people as opposed to the state. Marius' hatred for the Cursus Honorum is shown by his remaining in the consular decisions while not in Rome, a post th at he picked up and held for a long time. This activity was in direct inconsistency to the standard of one-year consulships in the Cursus Honorum and permitted Marius to build up a force base that he utilized for his own political plans. Both Marius and Sulla utilized savagery transparently as a political methods. The principal such occurrence was during the council political race where Marius murdered Nonnius, a political rival to his companion Saturnius. This was by all account not the only case of viciousness from Marius. When come back from oust, he slaughtered each and every individual who had ever insulted him and took their territory for himself. Sulla was very little

Opportunity of Residential Property Investment †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Examine about the Opportunity of Residential Property Investment. Answer: Presentation The target of this examination proposition is to break down on whether remote speculation impact the private land showcase in Australia and lodging moderateness. Lodging is considered as the most indispensable resource that is possessed by dominant part of the family units of Australians. It is a colossal family unit riches part and go about as venture vehicle for the individuals in Australia. Gigantic home loans just as business advances are made sure about against the Australians private homes. It has been noted from the ongoing investigation that private land advertise contributes immensely to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Australia (Burke, 2012). The difficult that emerges from this private land advertise is that variety in private property costs impacts the conduct of monetary factors that remembers family unit utilization for different merchandise and their money related strength (Newton Glackin, 2014). In the course of recent decades, the private costs have ascended by a normal of 7 % every year. Thus, the private land showcase has reflected consistent development by around 3% every year since the year 1970. Toward the finish of year 2000, the costs of living arrangement in Australia according to average pay were recorded most noteworthy in the globe. What's more, in the year 2011, the costs of home accounted multiple times of the normal salary of the family units in Australia. Be that as it may, this country encounters land bubble during this period. Besides, the expanding private costs just as low pace of premium have invigorated the development of the private land advertise in this nation (Wadud et al., 2012). In spite of terrible financial conditions, the costs of private propertys have expanded unequivocally because of help of government motivators and this bolstered in the land showcase development. Likewise, outside venture assumes an indispensable job in reinforcing the private land showcase in this nation. This implies the interest just as gracefully of lodging in Australia land showcase expanded attributable to remote speculation. In any case, this interest in private market produced a few development ventures, made new open door for the family unit to purchase the property and expanded work in the country. Actually, immense outside venture made issues of lodging moderateness (Agarwal et al., 2015). This implies ascend in costs of habitation in Australia pushed household home buyers out of private market and close around 10-20% of new lodging are brought by outsiders. It has been opined by Blomstrom (2014), outside speculation is considered as the principle driver of making lodging reasonableness issues the low pay family units in Australia. Late investigation shows that the normal cost of habitation has gotten equal to the normal profit of individuals of seven years. There are not many components that adds to the ascent in private property incorporates Higher credit accessibility inferable from money related deregulation Low pace of enthusiasm since recessionary stage expanded getting limit in light of lower reimbursements Decreasing flexibly of land by the Australian government Rising costs of normal floor region of new abodes by 53.8%. Changes in charge structure embraced by the Australian government including capital increases charge Limitations forced by the administration on the land use or forestalling for higher thickness utilization of land Maturing populace development in Australia Research Aim The fundamental point of this exploration is to inspect both long haul too transient effect of remote interest in Australias private land market and lodging moderateness. This examination proposition likewise encourages in explaining barely any inquiry that emerges from this subject. These exploration questions incorporates Is there any importance of remote interest in private land advertise in Australia? In the course of recent years, this country has encountered tremendous inflow of capital into land industry, explicitly in private land advertise. This straightforwardly raised gracefully of new habitation and along these lines adding advantages to land industry just as providers. Despite what might be expected, it has been noted by certain onlookers that outside interest in private land showcase has prompted ascend in costs of lodging basically for the primary home buyers (Newton Glackin, 2014). Subsequently, it brings about reduction in lodging reasonableness in this country. Conversely, a few eyewitnesses have remarked that remote venture has very little centrality in Australian private land market and lodging moderateness as it represented around 5-10% of national lodging turnover esteem. moreover , they have likewise contended that remote speculation doesn't cause advertise mutilations for the primary purchasers as outside financial specialists works at different value sections from them and buys various sorts of properties. Does outside venture impact the exercises of first buyers in the private land showcase? Ongoing investigation mirrors that the abroad purchasers essentially encourages in making private propertys increasingly moderate as their interest in this industry improves the economy. As outside venture has brought about ascent in costs that are enormously affected by relocation and thus gracefully of living arrangement can't satisfy the need for it. Furthermore, high populace development just as low loan cost raised the lodging costs and this influenced the exercises of the principal buyers in the market (Lieser Groh, 2013). Along these lines, the purchasers could stand to purchase the habitation because of low salary and as s result, they attempt to move to different places or put resources into different segments. This shows outside venture unfavorably impacts on the principal purchasers exercises. Then again, remote venture has some positive angles that incorporates giving tremendous openings for work to the jobless that thus supported the monetary development of Australia. Does outside interest in private market improved its presentation throughout the years? Albeit remote interest in private land advertise has demonstrated unfriendly effect on first purchasers, it has stayed advantageous to this industry. As no limitations are there for the buyers of new home, the administrators in this market accomplished gigantic profit by the outside purchasers (Lee et al., 2015). For instance, most noteworthy number of acquisition of habitation by outside purchasers was recorded in Victoria. This ascent in offer of habitation with significant expense expanded the benefit level of the providers. Additionally, it improved the exhibition of land showcase in this country. Writing Review It has been clear from barely any examinations that the outside speculators effectively partake in putting resources into the private land showcase since worldwide money related emergency in 2008. It has been opined by Moran (2012), the fundamental purpose for ascend in lodging costs was the outside speculators. In the year 2015, the costs of home rose by 5%. Also, the absolute deals of lodging in Australian land advertise that represented 16%, were given to the remote buyers. In the time of worldwide advancement, administrators in land showcase accomplished advantages from remote speculation that helped them in extending their business internationally. The primary determinants that has been refered to for outside financial specialists enthusiasm on land industry was rising liquidity level , more significant yields and enormous chances (Beracha Wintoki, 2013). The pattern that rose after the monetary emergency in the year 2008 with the SWF (Sovereign Wealth Funds), associations of ri ches the executives, private financiers and rich families moving into showcase exercises of worldwide property that abandoned corporate investors. Conventional determinants for which remote speculators put resources into Australian private land advertise The customary determinants refered to for which the outside speculators buys from the private land market of Australia were- It was better principal for speculation It gives tremendous chance to securing freehold property Outside financial specialists particularly the Chinese speculators achieved better returns from Australian land showcase in correlation with property market of China They likewise can acquire from this land market of Australia Consequently, every one of these determinants affected remote financial specialists to put resources into private market of Australia. Therefore, outside venture expanded in the Australian private land advertise. Effect of remote interest in Australias private land market and lodging moderateness Remote interest in Australias private land division has been a money related too political issue in the course of the most recent couple of years. The sharp decrease in pace of intrigue has been the essential driving component that expanded exercises of outside purchasers and skyscraper in costs (Liao et al., 2015). The lodging market in Sydney has been viewed as the main foundation of capitals over last three to five years. The costs of the lodging have been rising emphatically and this influenced reasonableness of first purchasers. Despite what might be expected, the land market of Australia has no limitations for buyers of new lodging and this got advantageous for the administrators of the land showcase. As indicated by the most recent information from Foreign Investment Review Board (FIRB), it mirrors that the commitment of the outside speculators in the land showcase movement is least. This features the remote speculation have little effect on the private market in Australia (Cr owe et al., 2013). Ongoing examination mirrors that in the year 2013-2014, the FIRB allowed 7195 applications by the remote buyers for purchasing home in Australia. In this manner, it spoke to just 2.4% of built up home title moves that had been enrolled during a similar period. Then again, the h

Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip A Non-Introduction Introduction

Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip A Non-Introduction Introduction In high school, most American students are taught to write essays that have a formal introduction, a body that supports that introduction and a conclusion that reinforces the main point presented in the introduction. Although this structure makes for easily comprehensible academic work, business school application essays are constrained by word count, so candidates often have to find alternative openings, not having the luxury of “wasting” 100 words to introduce their topic. Depending on the context and pace of your story, we, at times, recommend the “non-introduction” introduction. If you have a gripping opener that places your reader in the middle of a scenario, we recommend that you launch right into your story to  grab and keep the reader’s attention. Traditional introduction: “Throughout my career, I have strived to continuously learn and develop as a manager, frequently taking enrichment courses, seizing mentorship opportunities and seeking frank feedback from my superiors. When my firm staffed me on its $4.5M Oregon Project (our highest-profile product launch in a decade), I considered it a tremendous opportunity to deliver and never imagined that it would become the greatest test of my managerial abilities. When I arrived in Portland, I discovered a project deemed so important by our firm that it was overstaffed and wallowing in confused directives from headquarters in Chicago. I quickly surveyed the situation and began to create support for changes to…” What if this essay, under the pressure of word limits, were to begin with a slightly modified version of the body? “When I arrived in Portland, I discovered that my firm’s $4.5M Oregon Projectâ€"our highest-profile product launch in a decadeâ€"was overstaffed and wallowing in confused directives from headquarters in Chicago. I quickly surveyed the situation and began to create support for change…” In this case, approximately  70 words are saved, and the reader is immediately thrust into the middle of the story, learning how the writer jumped into the Oregon Project and ultimately saved the day. Although the “non-introduction introduction should not be used for every essay, it can be a valuable tool when applied with discretion. Share ThisTweet Monday Morning Essay Tips

Abortion is Not Ethicial Essay - 729 Words

When one thinks about a topic with many opinions and views, abortion come to mind. Is it murder if the child is not born yet? Abortion is one of the most controversial topics in the United States. Mother Teresa said â€Å"If we accept that a mother can kill even her own child, how can we tell other people to not kill each other? Any country that accepts abortion is not teaching its people to love, but to use any violence to get what they want.† Some may think it is ethical to snatch the life away from an unborn baby. A baby is like a fresh start, a new beginning. It can be something! He can be a doctor and cure cancer or a peace activist and end world violence. With the right guidance a baby can be anything, and do everything. Babies are†¦show more content†¦A fetus cannot breathe yet, but it can move, and think, and eat, and it has feelings. There are many things a human being needs to feel alive, but only one thing we need to actually be alive, a beating heart. At six weeks gestation a fetus has a heartbeat. So how are they not alive? Pro-choice abortion is the belief that women have the right to choose to abort a baby from their body. The pro-choice view is that a baby does not have human rights within the mothers womb. However, whose choice should really be protected? The mother who no longer wants her baby, or the baby who wants to live and be alive. By calling those still in the womb a â€Å"fetus† and those outside the womb a â€Å"baby† it is easier for a woman to abort their un-born baby. Some women are driven to abortion. Rape, incest or even poverty are just a few reasons women believe abortion is ok. They think it’s their only choice and they just cannot have a baby they cannot afford, or was forced inside of her. Should abortion ever be ok, even under these circumstances? Should a baby with a disability not to deserve to live? At what point should even the extreme need of an abortion not be ok? Babies can live outside the womb around twenty-three weeks. At this point it should no lo nger be abortion, it is murder. There are circumstances where pro-choice can be ok, but should we be able to decide whether killing a baby is ok or not?

Situational Leadership Is The Second Model That May Fit...

Situational leadership is the second model that may fit with poverty in mind. This style of leadership involves having different levels of leadership based on where that employee or student is at. Blanchard (1982) suggests that leadership is always in a fluid state. This state does not allow for a â€Å"one size fits all† approach to leadership. Wu, Tsui, Kinicki (2010) concur that this approach looks at every situation in a vacuum and no situation is identical. They carry on Blanchard’s belief that individualized leadership examines the individuals’ strength and use those skills to fit the tasks that fit that individual. There are four components to Blanchard’s beliefs. They are directing, coaching, supporting and delegating. The first tenet, directing, deals with a student or employee that has a low skill level or is unwilling to do the task at hand. This style is used when the stakes are high or the person being directed is too timid to try. T his method is successful when the leader maintains with this style until actions are completed. The second belief, coaching is when followers have a high belief in following but little ability. Blanchard (1982) writes that coaching is similar to directing in establishing roles and responsibilities. Coaching is different in the fact that the leader seeks out feedback and suggestions. This becomes a give and take situation. Leaders that use coaching; listens, advises and helps build the skill level of the follower. TheShow MoreRelatedDr. Ruby Payne And Eric Jenson s Research2400 Words   |  10 PagesEducational Leadership is a highly researched topic. Researchers studying leadership are constantly challenging how to meet the needs of our teachers and workers. Current research, however, leaves out a significant group of followers. That group is students, especially students in poverty. Ruby Payne’s and Eric Jenson’s research speaks on how to reach out to these students. There is a gap in the research when applying these principles to administrative leadership. Principals or campus instructionalRead MoreWhat Makes A Good Leader?3137 Words   |  13 Pages Abstract Efficient leadership helps our nation through times of danger. It helps a business organization to be successful. The effective leadership of parents enables children to grow strong and healthy and be successful. The absence of leadership is equally dramatic. Think, without leadership, organizations move slowly, stagnate and lose their way. Leaderless organization is like an army without generals. We distinguish the importance of leadership when we vote for our political leaders. WeRead MoreLeadership and Mentoring Essay3403 Words   |  14 PagesContents 1: Introduction to Leadership and Mentoring 2: definition of leaders and Mentors 3: Exemplary models 4: Roles and Values 5: Standard Ethics 6: Case study 7: Conclusion 8: References I: Introduction Leadership and mentoring has generally been mistaken to be the same thing however during the course of this assignment I aim to prove otherwise that although leaders and mentors may share some similar traits they have different definitions and perform different functions. ThereRead MoreHow Technology Affects Consumer Behaviour?14761 Words   |  60 Pagesorganizations and individuals. Among most important models the author would like to emphasize Technology Acceptance Model, Motivation Model, Theory of Planned Behavior, Innovation Diffusion Theory etc. Davis Technology Acceptance Model (Davis, 1989) predicts information technology acceptance and usage. In this model the user’s behavioral intention to use a technology is affected by their perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of the technology. This model was originally developed for studying technologyRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography: Plagiarism39529 Words   |  158 Pagesfirst of these is clearly dishonest. You are, in effect, stealing other peoples work and passing it off as your own. In doing so you are claiming credit for something that it not your own. It may be that the agency that is funding the work is being defrauded by paying for something that is not original: it may be that the publisher is unknowingly put into the position of assisting you to infringe another persons copyright. Some people defend self-plagiarism on the grounds that the work is their ownRead MoreLee Kuan Yew - Singapore Prime Minister6837 Words   |  28 Pageswas the first-born and he was a boy, important to the Chinese for perpetuating the family name. He gave his grandfather such great pride that the old man declared that the child should be educated to become the equal of any Englishman, that is, the model of perfection. The name chosen for him, Kuan Yew, means the light that shines far and wide. FAMILY He is married to Kwa Geok Choo, a similarly brilliant mind who was a Queens Scholar and the first Malayan woman to achieve a First Class HonorsRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesmechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designationsRead MoreUnderstanding the People Who Work at and Patronize Build-a-Bear Workshop8790 Words   |  36 Pagespositive outcomes like higher job performance, greater life satisfaction, and higher e ducational and occupational attainment. Still, researchers have argued that GMA may unintentionally elicit jealousy and even hostility in one’s coworkers, and that because people high in GMA may overestimate the threat they pose to others, they may treat others in a condescending way. Personality has been found to play a role in the relationships between people with high GMA and others. The take-away for highlyRead MoreComparative Public Administration11510 Words   |  47 Pagesconceptual approaches in Comparative Public Administration. I 521 INTRODUCTION Dear student, comparisons of administfativesystems has had a long traditibn. But a focus on this aspect of administrative studies is about forty years old. Only ttfter the Second World War and with the emergence of new nations in Asia and Africa, a vigorous interest in compar*ve studies of Public Administration has evolved. Comparative Public Administration, in simple terms, refers to a comparative study of government administrativeRead MoreThe Marketing Of The Retail Industry8210 Words   |  33 Pagesunemployment, consumers are frugal with their spending (Farfan, 2014). Enticing a consumer to spend the money they possess, using sales and promotions draw those consumers into stores if retailers focus on the products desired by the frugal consumer. Situational analysis Stacy’s Helping Hand, conceived in 2013, provides the elderly and disabled an entirely different shopping experience with a retail store design and layout, built with them in mind. The business also gives different services never realized

Teaching A Pre Coaching Plan - 1732 Words

TRIDENT UNIVERSITY INTERNATIONAL LED 514 CASE #1 Keisha Holmes Leadership Growth Plan Introduction The purpose of this paper is to develop a pre-coaching plan that will address the goals of the session, the skills to be used, the method taken to conduct the session, and the questions I will ask. The paper will report the facts of the session and illustrate success and challenging areas. I will highlight the lessons I learned as well as areas where improvement is needed. This project will provide coaching to a coachee in the efforts of enhancing their professional and performance goals. Through my guidance and leadership is it my goal to assist the coachee in developing a plan of action to align his†¦show more content†¦To better understand the goals of this session, it is imperative that I ask leading questions. Questions designed to bring out an underlying meaning. Questions can aid in the communication process, as it is a tool to generate the though process, enhance perception, and offers clarity and answers (Cook, 2009). During the Skype session, I must demonstrate k een awareness and take heed to any visible non-verbal indications, as observation is a necessary skill that coincides with communication. Paying close attention through thorough observation, I will be able to pick up on hidden clues that are usually omitted in the conversation. This will help me determine the behaviors of the coachee (Cook, 2009). The last skill I will use is guidance. The primary purpose of this session is to offer guidance to the coachee. According to Daft (2012), ?the attitudes and behaviors of leaders shape the conditions that determine how well employees can do their job? (Daft, 2012, pg. 422), therefore guidance and leadership will have a great impact on the coachee reaching his ultimate goal. Due to the fact that the coach and the coachee live in different parts of the United States, the coaching session will be conducted telephonic and Skpe face to face chats. During this session the following questions will be asked. What would you like to accomplish? What is the biggest obstacle? What do you believe the first step is to reach your goal? Are you willing to make sacrifices? WhatShow MoreRelatedTeaching Is The Process Of Developing A Physically Literate Individual1294 Words   |  6 PagesIn my own opinion, teaching is the process of developing a physically literate individual with the ability to carry out the physically active lifestyle through-out their life. According to NASPE Resource Brief Quality of Physical Education, the definition of teaching is: by having a quality physical education program that provides learning opportunities, appropriate instruction, meaningful and challenging content, and student and program assessment. 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Differences between efficient and effective communication free essay sample

Communication is essentially a dialogue between the sender and the receiver of a message. It may involve ‘giving’ or information ‘passing. ’ It is defined by other scholars as the transference of information from one mind to another. Communication forms the basis of all human endeavors and all interactions occurring in nature, it is a tool with which people express themselves clearly. For instance Kanyama (2011:16) calls it the power of assertiveness with which young people express their desires, expectations and feelings sparkling an interest to other parties to know who they are and what they stand for. Communication is a continuous process involving exchange of ideas. Jain(2009) puts it this way, ‘we communicate our thoughts and feelings to our family members, friends and colleagues every hour of our life. To be human is to communicate, communication is composed of interactions among many other elements and it is an ongoing process. ’ Elements of communication comprise of the source of communication being the person who speaks or communicates by way of writing or encodes the message. The message is then sent through the message carrier which is the instrument used in communication then the message is received by the receiver who decodes the message. What follows is the response or feedback given by the receiver. These elements of communication have a great impact on individual behaviour in managing organisational behaviour, because if any of these elements are not clear or vague the communication process will be interrupted. The elements of communication play a vital role for effective and efficient communication and for the sole purpose of this assignment, the pages that follow discuss the ‘DIFFERENCE BETWEEN EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION AND EFFICIENT COMMUNICATION. ’ 2 FIGURE 1. COMMUNICATION FLOW differences between effective and efficient communication Efficient communication is brief, straight to the point and time limited while Effective communication is not really limited by time as it includes a lot of verification and validation , Northridge( 2010 ). Communication between animals is very simple, birds sing to attract a mate, Dogs bark to scare off an intruder, cats purr to show pleasure. The messages are basic and there is little room for miscommunication. The messages are understood and they are accepted or not. Human Speech has evolved to 2700 languages across the world and the Oxford English Dictionary lists 500 000 English words, Still humans have trouble communicating. The question of the difference between effective communication and efficient communication has become a common topic in sales and business communication were both time and impact are money. Analysis has been made on how to best integrate the two conceptual fruits which are frequently at odds. 3 EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION All human interactions are a form of communication. In the business world nothing can be achieved without effectively communicating with employers, employees, clients, suppliers and customers. Mc pheat ( 2012 ). Effective communication occurs when a desired effect is the result of intentional or unintentional information sharing , which is interpreted between multiple entities and acted on in a desired way. This effect also ensures the messages are not distorted during the communication process. Effective communication should generate the desired effect and maintain the effect with the potential to increase the effect of the message. Therefore effective communication serves the purpose for which it was planned or designed for . Possible purpose might be to elicit change , generate action, create understanding , inform or communicate a certain idea or point of view. ‘words are but pictures of our thoughts’ Dryden (1631-1700). Our brains do not think in words, they think in symbols. Because of this a person can be fluent in multiple languages and they do not think in one language and translate into another. They actually think symbolically and conceive the symbolic thoughts into the appropriate language. Therefore effective communication is accurately transmitting the symbolic concepts in your brain to the brain of another person, In addition communication is not effective if it only transmit your ideas. In order to have effective communication the other person(s) must receive and interpret the message as it was intended. Rusell Hoban puts it this way, ‘after all, when you come right down to it, how many speak the same language even when they speak the same language? ’’ Here we can deduce that communicating efficiently is not the same as communicating efficiently, the distinction lies in the delivery of the message and the benefit of understanding. This can be narrowed down to mode of delivery and the ease with which the message can be understood and how both parties benefit, as we learn in the following quote; ‘effective communication is really all anyone ever gets paid for ultimately.. and if you cannot effectively communicate.. you will pay and not get paid’ ( David Firebaugh ) 4 EFFICIENT COMMUNICATION We shall never understand one another until we reduce the language to seven words Gibran ( 1883-1931 ). Efficient communication must be time limited, straight to the point. This type of communication conveys the desired message in the shortest time possible and this brevity may be insufficient for understanding keeping in mind that efficient communication may or may not be effective communication. Efficient communication is most likely to be effective if there is pre-established mutual understanding between the message maker and the receiver without which efficient communication and effective communication lie on opposite ends of the same spectrum. Efficient communication involves direct communication with the concerned party and is conducted in a way that swiftly carries immediate impact. Quoting Alain de Botton, ‘I passionately believe that it’s not just what you say that counts, it’s also how you say it. That the success of your argument critically depends on your manner of presenting it. ’ Efficient communication deals with facts. For instance when a candidate is attending job interviews, he need only say what is important. Adler ( 2013 ) the real skill in the question of the credibility of the job candidate is associated with fact finding. After obtaining a complete word picture of the candidate’s major accomplishments, they are compared to the performance requirement of the job to determine if the candidate is fit or not. Communicating efficiently means wasting no time, it implies being sure that you are using the most appropriate communication format. For instance a supervisor of a department could spend too much time sharing instructions with fellow workers by typing emails on a computer or mobile device when it could be more efficient to walk around the office and communicate his expectations quickly. Furtther efficient communication takes advantage of the opportunity window and quickly give the message, Smith (2013 ) throw information at prospects hoping to sell a product or service before the buyer could hang up the phone or slam the door. 5 FIGURE 2. TABLE OF MAJOR DIFFERENCES BETWEEN EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT COMMUNICATION EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION EFFICIENT COMMUNICATION Not limited by time Limited by time Seeks to explain and ensure the message is understood Ensures message delivery Guaranteed delivery of communication to everyone concerned Provides only the information that is needed to stakeholders who need it Makes use of alternative channels to make sure the message is understood Focuses on the most appropriate communication channel Facts are explained to ensure understanding by everyone Direct communication of facts to achieve immediate impact Communicates many messages using available resources Communicates single message using available resources Involves being smooth and gentle to win the attension of your audience Calls for brevity, sincerity, fairness and truth Effective communication puts into consideration every detail, Important or less important Efficient communication focuses on facts and communicates what is very important 6 CONCLUSION The best forms of communication are those that achieve interactivity, encourage feedback and maintain a two way flow so that the message is influenced and informed by the views of the recipient , thus allowing a dialogue to replace a monologue. The essence of dialogue is that there are two targets, and it’s important that each target listen to the other, this makes communication efficient ( Josiah, 2001 ). On the other hand too many conflicts and failed projects can be traced back to lack of effective communication which seeks to unite every detail to have complete information. I would like to end my discussion with the ‘PARADOX OF THE ORANGE. ’ In the ‘paradox of the orange,’ two children are in the kitchen; each wants an orange, but there is only one left. A parent is near the kitchen and hears the discussion regarding the orange and decides to let the children solve the problem. The discussion becomes very heated, and fearing that one child might injure the other , the parent rushes in and solves the problem by cutting the orange in half. The first child takes one half, peels the fruit from the rind, and eats the fruit. The second child takes the other, peels the fruit from the rind , throws away the fruit and eats the rind. The point of the paradox is that if both parties had listened to what the other party was saying, they both could have had twice as much of what they wanted, but they failed because they could not make use of effective and efficient communication. If they had communicated effectively they would not have argued and made so much noise that it alarmed the mother and if they had communicated efficiently, one would have eaten a full orange and the other a full rind.